2001 - 2002 Wheat Variety Trials in the Texas
Panhandle
Brent Bean
[1]
2002
Wheat Crop
This
year will not be remembered as a good wheat year. Generally we think of the ideal time to plant wheat as the first week of October. This year, however, many producers elected
to plant their dryland wheat early when we had good moisture. This turned out to be a good choice for two
reasons. One, we had very little
rainfall during the fall making it difficult to get later planted wheat
established. And second, greenbugs were
particularly damaging to late-planted wheat that was too small to withstand
heavy greenbug populations. Even
relatively low populations of greenbugs can be devastating on small wheat. The winter and spring months provided little
relief from dry weather. A combination
of drought, greenbug, and late freeze damage caused many dryland wheat fields
to be abandoned. Those that remained
tended to produce below average yield.
Irrigated wheat faired better, but was an expensive crop to grow because
of increased insect and irrigation costs.
In
contrast to last year, this was a good year to evaluate varieties under drought
conditions. Wheat variety trials were
harvested in Dallam, Hemphill, Castro/lamb, Potter/Randall,
Armstrong, Moore, and Briscoe counties.
Wheat Variety Trial
Results
Each
trial consisted of a uniform set of 35 wheat varieties (see accompanying
tables). The dryland trials were
established near Silverton, Claude, Bushland, Etter, and Canadian. Irrigated trials were located near Hart, and
between Dalhart and Texline.
Dryland
In
the accompanying tables bold type indicates those varieties that yielded in the
top 20% at each location. In the
dryland trials, varieties with greenbug tolerance; TAM 110, Above, and AP 502
CL, were consistently high performers.
Above and AP 502 CL are in a new class of wheats called Clearfield
wheats. Clearfield wheats are tolerant
to the herbicide Beyond sold by BASF.
Beyond can be used to control grasses such as cheat and jointed
goatgrass. Other varieties that were in
the top 20% in at least two locations were Custer, Jagaline, Jagger, Trego,
Prairie Red, Stanton, TAM 105, TAM 107, and TAM 111. TAM 105 and TAM 107 are older varieties that set the standard for
dryland wheats in the Panhandle.
Although they are susceptible to many diseases, they are still very
consistent performing varieties.
Prairie Red is a Colorado wheat that is essentially TAM 107 with Russian
wheat aphid tolerance. Custer is an
Oklahoma variety that is a cross between TAM 105 and Chisholm and is generally
considered a good dual purpose wheat.
Trego is an hard white winter wheat that has consistently been a top yielder in Panhandle trials. However,
Trego should only be grown on a contract basis since it must be kept separate
from hard red winter wheats. This is the first year we have had Stanton
in our uniform variety trial. Stanton,
released by Kansas in 2000, is similar to TAM 107 but has leaf rust and Russian
wheat aphid tolerance. Jagger is a very
popular variety in Kansas. Many
producers in the Panhandle elected to plant Jagger this last growing season
because of its excellent yield potential under both dryland and irrigated
conditions. Although Jagger did not
perform as well this year, it still was one of the top yielding varieties. Its biggest negative is that it tends to
break dormancy early in the spring making it susceptible to late freezes. Jagalene is an AgriPro wheat that is a
cross between Jagger and an older variety that was popular a few years ago
called Abiline. Jagaline should
maintain the yield potential of Jagger while holding its winter dormancy. TAM 111 is the newest variety to be released
by Texas A&M. The variety should
have excellent drought tolerance and has yielded well in tests in Texas and
Kansas. TAM 111 should be available to
seedsmen next year and to farmers in 2004.
Irrigated
Irrigated
varieties that were in the top 20% at both the Hart and Dalhart locations were
Cutter and Jagalene. Jagalene is
discussed under the dryland section.
Cutter is similar to Jagalene in that one of its parents is Jagger. The other parent is the popular Ogallala
variety. Other varieties in the top
20% at one of the two locations were 2145, Above, AP 502 CL, Dumas, Trego,
Ogallala, Stanton, TAM 105, TAM 302, and TAM 111. 2145 was released by Kansas in 2001. This is the first year we have included this variety in our
uniform variety trial. 2145 has Abilene
as one of its parents and has leaf rust and soil-borne mosaic resistance. Dumas is a new release from AgriPro that has
performed well under irrigation in our trials the last two years. TAM 302 has also been a high yielding
irrigated wheat, however, its test weight is consistently low.
Standibility
is an important consideration under full irrigation. None of the top yielding wheats had a significant lodging problem
in 2002.
|
TOP YIELD AVERAGES BY LOCATION OVER MULTIPLE YEARS
Silverton Canadian Hart/Dimmitt
3-Yr Avg 3-Yr Avg 2-Yr Avg
Scout 66 35 bu Jagger 61 bu Dumas 126 bu
TAM 105 34 bu TAM 105 55 bu Jagger 125 bu
Jagger 34 bu Custer 52 bu TAM 400 125 bu
TAM 110 34 bu Tonkawa 52 bu TAM 201 123 bu
|
When
choosing a variety data should be examined over multiple years. Three of the trials have been located with
the same producer for at least two years.
The table shows the average yield of the top varieties in those
trials. County extension agents at
these locations will have the complete summary for the 2 and 3 year
averages.
Variety
Recommendations
Each
year is different. For this reason,
always look at yield data from at least three years before selecting a variety
for planting. It is also a good idea to
plant more than one variety since varieties perform differently under various
environmental conditions. Some varieties
also tend to perform better in different parts of the Panhandle. Additional information on this years trials
as well as results from previous years can be viewed at the following web site:
http://amarillo.tamu.edu/amaweb/Programs/Agronomy/publications/Wheat/index.htm
When
considering a variety, characteristics such as plant height, disease and insect
tolerance, coleoptile length (determines how deep the variety can be planted),
and fall grazing potential should be considered along with yield data. Under
dryland conditions it is hard to go wrong with Custer, Jagger, TAM 105, or TAM
110. All four varieties have good yield
histories under a wide range of conditions..
Custer and Jagger are considered good grazing wheats, and TAM 110 has
greenbug tolerance. Under full
irrigation Jagger, Ogallala, TAM 110,
TAM 200 and TAM 202 should perform well under a wide range of conditions. Other irrigated varieties to consider are
TAM 302 and 2137.
Variety
Recommendations
|
Irrigated Dryland
Jagger Custer
Ogallala Jagger
TAM 110 TAM
105
TAM 200 TAM
110
TAM 202
|
If
next year some of the newer varieties continue to perform as well as they have
the last two years my variety recommendation list will likely change. Varieties to keep an eye on are Dumas,
Jagalene, Cutter, TAM 400, and Stanton.
Common Bunt an Increasing
Problem
Common
bunt, also called stinking smut and covered smut, has become an increasing
problem for a few producers the last couple of years. Common bunt is NOT KARNAL BUNT.
Wheat seed infested with bunt spores will have a fishy odor. A bunt ball, full of black spores replaces
healthy kernels in the spike. Once
these bunt balls burst, black spores contaminate surrounding kernels. Smutted grain is often discounted in value
and may not be accepted at the market.
Common bunt persist as spores on seed and in the soil. Cool fall temperatures favor infection. Under the right conditions the wheat plant
becomes infected as the seedling emerges from the soil.
Currently
I am not aware of any varieties that are resistant to common bunt. From a
cultural standpoint producers should avoid planting seed that originated from
contaminated fields. Seed is the
primary method that common bunt is spread.
For those fields with a history of common bunt there are some seed
treatments that are available that should provide some measure of control. In infested fields, early planting when soil
temperatures are warm , should decrease the degree of infection of emerging
seedlings.
INFORMATION GIVEN HEREIN IS FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES
ONLY. REFERENCE TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
OR TRADE NAMES IS MADE WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT NO DISCRIMINATION IS
INTENDED AND NO ENDORSEMENT BY THE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE IS IMPLIED.
[1]Professor and Extension
Agronomist, Amarillo.
|
Texas Cooperative Extension and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
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2001 - 2002 Wheat Variety Trials
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DRYLAND
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| Investigators: Brent Bean, Mark Lazar, Jackie Rudd, Matt Rowland, Gary Peterson, Jonny Simmons | |||||||
| Wheat Yield* | |||||||
| Entry | bu/Acre | ||||||
| No. | Variety | Silverton | Canadian | Bushland | Etter | Claude | Average |
| 1 | 2137 | 20.5 | 15.3 | 21.2 | 10.0 | 29.3 | 19.3 |
| 2 | 2145 | 20.1 | 10.0 | 22.8 | 10.8 | 24.0 | 17.5 |
| 3 | 2174 | 20.9 | 27.8 | 21.6 | 10.5 | 32.0 | 22.6 |
| 4 | Above | 25.6 | 29.7 | 24.0 | 10.6 | 42.1 | 26.4 |
| 5 | AP 502 CL | 26.5 | 32.8 | 22.5 | 10.5 | 37.6 | 26.0 |
| 6 | Custer | 20.2 | 28.3 | 24.2 | 9.0 | 35.3 | 23.4 |
| 7 | Cutter | 17.4 | 14.2 | 23.5 | 10.7 | 29.6 | 19.1 |
| 8 | Dumas | 17.2 | 23.6 | 23.2 | 11.9 | 24.7 | 20.1 |
| 9 | Jagalene | 21.1 | 28.9 | 24.3 | 9.4 | 33.7 | 23.5 |
| 10 | Jagger | 21.7 | 21.1 | 24.7 | 8.8 | 26.6 | 20.6 |
| 11 | Trego (White wheat) | 18.5 | 36.8 | 24.4 | 10.4 | 37.2 | 25.5 |
| 12 | Intrada (White wheat) | 18.7 | 28.0 | 23.9 | 10.3 | 27.6 | 21.7 |
| 13 | Platte (White wheat) | 21.4 | 30.6 | 20.9 | 7.2 | 25.3 | 21.1 |
| 14 | Kalvesta | 14.4 | 23.1 | 22.2 | 10.7 | 30.2 | 20.1 |
| 15 | Lockett | 9.4 | 7.3 | 18.6 | 5.9 | 27.4 | 13.7 |
| 16 | Longhorn | 10.3 | 17.3 | 19.2 | 7.5 | 25.6 | 16.0 |
| 17 | Ogallala | 16.2 | 17.9 | 22.7 | 10.0 | 23.6 | 18.1 |
| 18 | OK101 | 15.2 | 19.8 | 21.9 | 9.6 | 31.6 | 19.6 |
| 19 | Prairie Red | 18.4 | 38.7 | 23.8 | 9.4 | 32.8 | 24.6 |
| 20 | Scout 66 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 19.1 | 5.5 | 30.8 | 19.4 |
| 21 | Stanton | 26.8 | 28.4 | 25.6 | 7.8 | 28.8 | 23.5 |
| 22 | TAM 105 | 22.6 | 39.8 | 20.7 | 9.4 | 29.4 | 24.4 |
| 23 | TAM 107 | 22.8 | 32.4 | 20.4 | 7.2 | 34.2 | 23.4 |
| 24 | TAM 109 | 15.4 | 31.1 | 20.2 | 7.3 | 21.5 | 19.1 |
| 25 | TAM 110 | 22.4 | 28.5 | 23.1 | 12.9 | 32.5 | 23.9 |
| 26 | TAM 200 | 15.6 | 28.6 | 22.6 | 8.3 | 28.4 | 20.7 |
| 27 | TAM 201 | 13.0 | 29.4 | 17.1 | 2.4 | 20.4 | 16.5 |
| 28 | TAM 202 | 15.8 | 26.4 | 25.8 | 9.2 | 28.4 | 21.1 |
| 29 | TAM 302 | 12.0 | 34.9 | 21.4 | 6.7 | 22.0 | 19.4 |
| 30 | TAM 400 | 16.2 | 26.8 | 21.8 | 8.1 | 24.5 | 19.5 |
| 31 | Thunderbolt | 14.5 | 20.2 | 22.4 | 10.4 | 27.5 | 19.0 |
| 32 | Tonkawa | 14.1 | 27.2 | 22.3 | 9.5 | 31.5 | 20.9 |
| 33 | Triumph 64 | 19.1 | 20.1 | 19.5 | 6.1 | 29.0 | 18.8 |
| 34 | TAM 111 | 25.1 | 25.8 | 24.2 | 7.9 | 29.6 | 22.5 |
| 35 | Venango | 20.1 | 17.5 | 22.7 | 10.5 | 28.3 | 19.8 |
| Average | 18.6 | 25.4 | 22.2 | 8.9 | 29.2 | 20.9 | |
| LSD (P=.05) | 7.5 | 9.4 | 2.1 | 3.6 | 4.6 | ||
| Standard Deviation | 5.4 | 6.7 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 2.8 | ||
| CV | 28.1 | 26.1 | 5.8 | 25.1 | 9.3 | ||
| *Bold type indicates yield was in the top 20%. | |||||||
|
Texas Cooperative Extension and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
|
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|
2001 - 2002 Wheat Variety Trials
|
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|
Irrigated
|
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| Investigators: Brent Bean, Mark Lazar, Jackie Rudd, Calvin Trostle, Matt Rowland, Gary Peterson, Jonny Simmons | |||||||||
| Hart1) | Dalhart1) | ||||||||
| Entry | Yield* | Height | Test Wt. | Lodged | Yield* | Height | Test Wt. | Lodged | |
| No. | Variety | bu/Ac | Inches | lb/bu | % | bu/Ac | Inches | lb/bu | % |
| 1 | 2137 | 123.2 | 41.5 | 62.3 | 0.0 | 62.7 | 25.0 | 57.6 | |
| 2 | 2145 | 128.9 | 38.5 | 62.4 | 0.0 | 58.8 | 21.8 | 57.6 | |
| 3 | 2174 | 114.2 | 39.3 | 62.4 | 0.0 | 62.1 | 24.8 | 59.7 | |
| 4 | Above | 127.4 | 38.3 | 61.6 | 2.5 | 76.7 | 24.0 | 58.7 | |
| 5 | AP 502 CL | 128.2 | 39.0 | 61.0 | 5.0 | 66.0 | 23.3 | 57.5 | |
| 6 | Custer | 120.0 | 39.8 | 62.8 | 8.8 | 65.6 | 25.0 | 59.9 | |
| 7 | Cutter | 128.6 | 42.0 | 63.5 | 2.5 | 75.0 | 26.0 | 59.4 | |
| 8 | Dumas | 130.3 | 38.5 | 64.0 | 0.0 | 69.2 | 24.8 | 59.5 | |
| 9 | Jagalene | 126.9 | 39.0 | 62.8 | 7.5 | 73.8 | 25.8 | 60.5 | |
| 10 | Jagger | 130.4 | 38.3 | 61.9 | 10.0 | 72.9 | 26.0 | 58.5 | |
| 11 | Trego (White wheat) | 104.5 | 38.5 | 61.9 | 35.0 | 77.7 | 24.8 | 61.2 | |
| 12 | Intrada (White wheat) | 119.1 | 36.5 | 65.1 | 23.8 | 71.1 | 24.0 | 60.8 | |
| 13 | Platte (White wheat) | 123.7 | 37.0 | 61.0 | 1.3 | 60.9 | 22.0 | 60.1 | |
| 14 | Kalvesta | 113.9 | 37.3 | 61.9 | 26.3 | 68.5 | 24.5 | 59.2 | |
| 15 | Lockett | 91.7 | 38.3 | 59.6 | 37.5 | 65.7 | 26.5 | 58.7 | 10 |
| 16 | Longhorn | 96.9 | 42.3 | 62.5 | 0.0 | 65.2 | 27.0 | 60.4 | |
| 17 | Ogallala | 131.6 | 38.0 | 63.5 | 0.0 | 61.7 | 23.3 | 59.4 | |
| 18 | OK101 | 124.3 | 39.3 | 62.9 | 0.0 | 71.9 | 27.3 | 58.7 | |
| 19 | Prairie Red | 111.0 | 38.3 | 60.9 | 27.5 | 72.3 | 24.8 | 59.2 | |
| 20 | Scout 66 | 81.0 | 41.3 | 61.0 | 83.8 | 62.1 | 29.3 | 60.8 | |
| 21 | Stanton | 125.1 | 43.3 | 62.4 | 0.0 | 73.6 | 24.8 | 60.4 | |
| 22 | TAM 105 | 123.1 | 39.0 | 60.8 | 0.0 | 75.2 | 24.5 | 59.8 | |
| 23 | TAM 107 | 114.3 | 39.3 | 61.4 | 0.0 | 65.8 | 24.0 | 57.8 | |
| 24 | TAM 109 | 101.1 | 35.8 | 58.4 | 1.3 | 64.4 | 23.5 | 60.4 | |
| 25 | TAM 110 | 119.1 | 38.8 | 61.2 | 5.0 | 69.0 | 24.3 | 57.7 | |
| 26 | TAM 200 | 121.3 | 35.8 | 63.8 | 16.3 | 71.8 | 24.0 | 60.9 | |
| 27 | TAM 201 | 121.0 | 32.0 | 62.6 | 0.0 | 68.6 | 22.8 | 59.2 | |
| 28 | TAM 202 | 118.5 | 35.5 | 62.8 | 1.3 | 73.3 | 25.5 | 60.5 | |
| 29 | TAM 302 | 118.4 | 39.5 | 59.4 | 6.3 | 74.0 | 25.8 | 56.5 | |
| 30 | TAM 400 | 126.4 | 38.0 | 64.3 | 27.5 | 68.4 | 22.8 | 61.2 | |
| 31 | Thunderbolt | 114.4 | 41.8 | 62.4 | 0.0 | 67.2 | 27.8 | 61.3 | |
| 32 | Tonkawa | 109.5 | 42.5 | 62.8 | 0.0 | 67.5 | 26.0 | 60.8 | |
| 33 | Triumph 64 | 78.3 | 45.8 | 62.6 | 26.3 | 54.6 | 29.8 | 60.7 | |
| 34 | TAM 111 | 127.8 | 41.5 | 62.1 | 2.5 | 67.2 | 25.0 | 59.5 | |
| 35 | Venango | 124.9 | 40.5 | 62.7 | 0.0 | 63.8 | 24.0 | 59.9 | |
| Average | 117.1 | 39.1 | 62.1 | 10.2 | 68.1 | 25.0 | 59.5 | ||
| LSD (P=.05) | 11.8 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 21.7 | 10.7 | 28.7 | 1.4 | ||
| Standard Deviation | 8.4 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 15.5 | 7.6 | 20.5 | 1.0 | ||
| CV | 7.2 | 4.7 | 1.3 | 149.7 | 11.2 | 77.4 | 1.6 | ||
| *Yields are reported at 13.5 % moisture. Bold type indicates yields in the top 20%. | |||||||||
| 1)The Hart location received 19.5 inches of irrigation water and the Dalhart location received 17.5 inches. | |||||||||